CVE-2024-52911 - Script Interpreter Remote Crash

Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

After Bitcoin Core 0.14.0 and before Bitcoin Core 29.0, validating a specially-crafted block may cause the node to access previously freed memory.

During validation, necessary data required for checking inputs for each transaction is pre-calculated and cached. For specially crafted invalid blocks, it was possible for this data to be destroyed while it was still being accessed by a background validation thread. An attacker capable of mining a block with sufficient proof-of-work could have exploited this to crash victim nodes. Because of the nature of use-after-free bugs, it is possible that the crash could have been used for remote code execution, though constraints on the input (block) data make this unlikely.

This issue is considered High severity.

Details

By default, script validation for new blocks is dispatched to background threads via a vector of CScriptCheck functors. Each CScriptCheck holds a pointer to a PrecomputedTransactionData object which stores some data needed by each input in the transaction. Because it stores a pointer and not the data itself, care must be taken to ensure that the PrecomputedTransactionData outlives the CScriptCheck.

The script checks lifetime is enforced by an RAII class, CCheckQueueControl. However, the control is intantiated before the precomputed transaction data. Because local objects in C++ are destructed in reverse order of construction, this means the vector of PrecomputedTransactionData is destroyed before the CCheckQueueControl.

This is not an issue when the block is valid, as CCheckQueueControl::Wait() will be called before the function returns and the PrecomputedTransactionData gets destroyed. However, in case of an early return (when a separate check fails) a background script thread may read the precomputed transaction data after it was destroyed. An attacker could exploit this to crash victim nodes at the expense of a valid PoW at tip.

Attribution

Cory Fields (MIT DCI) discovered this vulnerability and responsibly disclosed it in a detailed report containing a proof of concept for reproduction and a proposed mitigation.

Timeline

2024-11-02 Cory Fields privately reports the bug
2024-11-06 Pieter Wuille pushes a covert fix to already open PR #31112 which works around the issue by removing the early returns
2024-12-03 PR #31112 is merged
2025-04-12 Bitcoin Core version 29.0 is released with a fix
2026-04-19 The last vulnerable Bitcoin Core version (28.x) goes end of life
2026-05-05 Public disclosure.

Bitcoin Core 31.0 released

Sun, 19 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Bitcoin Core version 31.0 is now available for download. See the release notes for more information about the bug fixes in this release.

If you have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core 28.4 released

Wed, 18 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Bitcoin Core version 28.4 is now available for download. See the release notes for more information about the bug fixes in this release.

If you have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core 29.3 released

Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Bitcoin Core version 29.3 is now available for download. See the release notes for more information about the bug fixes in this release.

If you have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.

Bitcoin Core 30.2 released

Sat, 10 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Bitcoin Core version 30.2 is now available for download. See the release notes for more information about the bug fixes in this release.

If you have any questions, please stop by the #bitcoin IRC chatroom (IRC, web) and we’ll do our best to help you.